"""
    This module defines an abstract base class `Animal` and its subclasses `Dog` and `Cat`, 
    demonstrating object-oriented principles such as inheritance, abstraction, and polymorphism.
    Classes:
        Animal:
            Abstract base class representing a generic animal.
            Methods:
                speak(): Abstract method to be implemented by subclasses for animal sound.
                move(): Abstract method to be implemented by subclasses for animal movement.
        Dog(Animal):
            Represents a dog with breed, name, and age attributes.
            Methods:
                speak(): Returns the sound a dog makes ("Woof!").
                move(): Returns a description of how a dog moves ("runs energetically").
        Cat(Animal):
            Represents a cat with breed, name, age, and color attributes.
            Methods:
                speak(): Returns the sound a cat makes ("Meow!").
                move(): Returns a description of how a cat moves ("walks gracefully").
    Usage:
        Demonstrates polymorphism by creating instances of Dog and Cat and invoking their
        respective speak and move methods.
    """

class Animal:                   # Abstract Base Class (Not to be instantiated directly)
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    
    def speak(self):
        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
    
    def move(self):
        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")  
    
class Dog(Animal):              # Subclass of Animal with 3 attributes
    def __init__(self, breed, name, age): 
        super().__init__()
        self.breed = breed
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    
    def speak(self):            # Implementation of abstract method
        return "Woof!"
    
    def move(self):             # Implementation of abstract method    
        return "runs energetically"
    
class Cat(Animal):               # Subclass of Animal with 4 attributes
    def __init__(self, breed, name, age, color):
        super().__init__()
        self.breed = breed
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.color = color
          
    def speak(self):             # Implementation of abstract method
        return "Meow!"
    
    def move(self):              # Implementation of abstract method
        return "walks gracefully"
    

# Creating instances of Dog and Cat    
my_dog = Dog("Collie","Buddy", 9)
my_cat = Cat("Simese","Whiskers", 3, "White")
my_other_dog = Dog("Snouser","Max", 5)

# Demonstrating polymorphism
print(f"My {my_dog.breed} dog, {my_dog.name}, age {my_dog.age} says {my_dog.speak()} and {my_dog.move()}")  
print(f"My {my_cat.color} {my_cat.breed} cat, {my_cat.name}, age {my_cat.age} says {my_cat.speak()} and {my_cat.move()}")
print(f"My {my_other_dog.breed} dog, {my_other_dog.name}, age {my_other_dog.age} says {my_other_dog.speak()} and {my_other_dog.move()}")